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1.
Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases ; (12): 192-195, 2022.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-935773

ABSTRACT

Objective: To expore the correlation between neck disability, neck pain and muscle strength in cervical pondylosis of office worker, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of cervical spondylosis. Methods: In April 2021 ,234 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy treated in the Subsidiary Rehabilitation Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from April 2015 to April 2017 were selected, the correlation between Neck Disability Index (NDI) score, neck pain and muscle strength was analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation method. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the difference of maximum muscle strength of isometric contraction. Results: NDI score was negatively correlated with neck flexion, extension, and muscle strength in the left and right flexion directions (r(s)=-0.164, -0.169, -0.222, -0.176, P=0.012, 0.010, 0.001 , 0.007). In mild and moderate functional disorder patients, the muscle strength in flexion, extension and left and right flexion direction was greater, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Conclusion: There is a negative correlation between cervical functional disorder and cervical muscle strength in office workers, suggesting that strengthening cervical muscle strength may be a way to improve cervical spine function.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cervical Vertebrae , Muscle Strength/physiology , Neck Muscles/physiology , Neck Pain/physiopathology , Occupational Diseases/physiopathology , Range of Motion, Articular/physiology , Spondylosis/physiopathology
2.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 37(4): 498-506, oct.-dic. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-888494

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: Las enfermedades respiratorias derivadas de la exposición a material en partículas, como sucede en la minería del carbón, continúa siendo un reto investigativo en el país y un problema de salud pública. La espirometría es una prueba de la función respiratoria, fundamental para el diagnóstico y la vigilancia de este tipo de enfermedades pulmonares crónicas. Objetivo. Determinar los valores de la espirometría en la población minera de carbón del municipio de Paipa, y su asociación con la edad y el tiempo de exposición laboral. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se diligenció el cuestionario de enfermedad respiratoria ocupacional de la American Thoracic Society (ATS), se registraron las mediciones de la espirometría y se interpretaron siguiendo las recomendaciones internacionales. Resultados. La muestra incluyó 226 trabajadores de minas de carbón de Paipa; en 12,3 % (n=28) de ellos se registraron alteraciones leves, de tipo obstructivo o restrictivo. En 35 % (n=80) hubo disminución de la relación entre la capacidad vital forzada y el volumen espirado en el primer segundo (CVF/VEF1 ). Se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el rango de edad (p=0,002) y los años de trabajo minero (p=0,34), además de trastornos restrictivos y obstructivos. Asimismo, hubo una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el rango de edad (p<0,01) y los años de trabajo minero (p<0,01), de diferente seriedad en el patrón de las mediciones de la espirometría. Conclusiones. La espirometría es una prueba útil para detectar la presencia de trastornos respiratorios en la población minera del carbón. La enfermedad respiratoria en estos mineros estuvo significativamente asociada con el tiempo de exposición.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Respiratory diseases resulting from exposure to particulate matter such as in coal mining remains a research challenge in this country and a public health issue. Spirometry is a basic test of fundamental respiratory function for the diagnosis and monitoring of these types of chronic lung diseases. Objective: To determine spirometric values in the coal mining municipality of Paipa and their association with age and occupational exposure times. Materials and methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study. The occupational respiratory disease questionnaire of the American Thoracic Society (ATS) was completed while spirometric measurements were performed and interpreted in accordance with international recommendations for conducting the test. Results: The sample consisted of 226 coal mining workers of the municipality of Paipa. Twenty-eight subjects (12.3%) of the sample showed patterns of obstructive and restrictive respiratory disease with mild degrees of severity. Eighty subjects (35%) showed a decrease in the forced vital capacity ratio/expiratory volume in one second (FVC/FEV1 ). A statistically significant association between age range (p=0.002) and years of mining work (p=0.34) with the development of restrictive and obstructive disorders was found. Also, there was a statistically significant association between age range (p<0.01) and years of mining work (p<0.01) with various degrees of severity of the spirometric pattern. Conclusions: Spirometry is a useful test for detecting the presence of respiratory disorders in the population of coal miners. The time of exposure was significantly associated with the respiratory disease exhibited by these miners.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Respiration Disorders/physiopathology , Spirometry , Coal Mining , Occupational Diseases/physiopathology , Respiration Disorders/diagnosis , Respiration Disorders/epidemiology , Severity of Illness Index , Smoking/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Occupational Exposure , Age Factors , Colombia/epidemiology , Cough/diagnosis , Cough/physiopathology , Cough/epidemiology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology , Dyspnea/diagnosis , Dyspnea/physiopathology , Dyspnea/epidemiology , Occupational Diseases/diagnosis , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology
3.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 75(10): 711-717, Oct. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888248

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate symptoms of stress and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in air traffic control (ATC) officers in Brazil. Methods: Fifty-two ATC officers participated, based at three air traffic control units, identified as A, B and C. Stress symptoms were assessed using the Lipp Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults, and EDS by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Results: The sample mean age was 37 years, 76.9% of whom were male. Excessive daytime sleepiness was identified in 25% of the ATC officers, with 84.6% of these based at air traffic control unit A, which has greater air traffic flow, operating a 24-hour alternating work shift schedule. A total of 16% of the ATC officers had stress symptoms, and of these, 62% showed a predominance of physical symptoms. Conclusion: The high percentage of ATC officers with EDS identified in group A may be related to chronodisruption due to night work and alternating shifts.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar sintomas de estresse e sonolência diurna excessiva (SDE) em controladores de tráfego aéreo (CTA) do Brasil. Métodos: Participaram 52 controladores pertencentes a 3 órgãos de controle de tráfego aéreo, denominados de A, B e C. Os sintomas de estresse, foram avaliados pelo Inventário de Sintomas de Estresse para Adultos, a SDE pela Escala de Sonolência Epworth. Resultados: 76,9% da amostra são do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 37 anos. SDE foi identificada em 25% dos controladores, desses 84,6%, pertencem aos órgãos de controle de tráfego aéreo A, caracterizado por maior movimento de aeronaves, funcionamento 24 horas e escala de serviço em turnos alternantes. Um total de 16% dos controladores apresentam sintomas de estresse, desses, 62% mostraram o predomínio de sintomas físicos. Conclusão: A porcentagem elevada de CTA com SDE identificada no grupo A pode estar relacionada a cronodisrupção devido ao trabalho noturno e alternado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Space Flight , Stress, Psychological/etiology , Aviation , Biological Clocks/physiology , Disorders of Excessive Somnolence/etiology , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Stress, Psychological/physiopathology , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Work Schedule Tolerance/physiology , Work Schedule Tolerance/psychology , Brazil , Surveys and Questionnaires , Disorders of Excessive Somnolence/physiopathology , Occupational Diseases/physiopathology
4.
Rev. gaúch. enferm ; 38(4): e61339, 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-960778

ABSTRACT

Resumo OBJETIVO Identificar alterações no sistema respiratório em trabalhadores portuários por meio de exames radiográficos e de função pulmonar; identificar o uso de equipamentos de proteção individual durante as atividades portuárias; e relacionar a idade, tempo de trabalho, exposição a substâncias como os fertilizantes e uso de equipamentos de proteção individual, durante as atividades portuárias, às alterações no sistema respiratório em trabalhadores portuários. MÉTODO Descritivo e exploratório em um porto marítimo sul brasileiro, de julho de 2014 a janeiro de 2015. Realizou-se análise retrospectiva, quantitativo do resultado da radiografia de tórax e espirometria de 695 prontuários de trabalhadores e análise prospectiva de 66 trabalhadores. RESULTADOS a maioria dos trabalhadores não apresentou alterações radiográficas 98,7% e 11,4% apresentaram alterações ventilatórias. Identificou-se correlação positiva para as variáveis, idade, tempo de trabalho e resultado da espirometria. CONCLUSÃO Houve alteração da função respiratória de trabalhadores portuários avulsos, que pode estar relacionada à exposição aos fertilizantes.


RESUMEN OBJETIVO Identificar alteraciones en el sistema respiratorio en trabajadores portuarios por medio de exámenes radiográficos y de función pulmonar; identificar el uso de equipos de protección individual durante las actividades portuarias; y relacionar la edad, el tiempo de trabajo, la exposición a sustancias como los fertilizantes y el uso de equipos de protección individual, durante las actividades portuarias, a las alteraciones en el sistema respiratorio en trabajadores portuarios. MÉTODO Descriptivo y exploratorio, realizado en un puerto maritmo sur brasileño, de julio de 2014 a enero de 2015. Realizó un análisis retrospectivo, cuantitativo de la radiografía de tórax y la espirometría 695 registros de los trabajadores del puerto y la realización de análisis prospectivo de 66 trabajadores. RESULTADOS la mayoría de los trabajadores no se muestran las radiografías 98,7% y el 11,4% mostraron cambios ventilatorios. Se identificó una correlación positiva para las variables, la edad, el tiempo de trabajo y espirometría. CONCLUSIÓN Hubo un cambio de la función respiratoria de los estibadores temporales, que se puede asociar con un tratamiento de fertilizantes.


Abstract OBJECTIVE To identify alterations in the respiratory system in port workers through radiographic and pulmonary function tests; to identify the use of personal protective equipment during port activities; and to relate age, working time, exposure to substances such as fertilizers and the use of personal protective equipment during port activities, to changes in the respiratory system in port workers. METHOD Descriptive and exploratory study, in south Brazilian maritime port, from July of 2014 to January of 2015. A retrospective quantitative analysis of the results of chest x-ray and spirometry of 695 port workers' chart and prospective analysis of 66 workers were performed. RESULTS Most of the workers did not present radiographs 98.7% and 11.4% presented ventilatory alterations. A positive correlation was identified for the variables age, working time and spirometry results. CONCLUSION There was a change in the respiratory function of single port workers, which may be related to the exposure to fertilizers.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Aged , Respiration Disorders/epidemiology , Commerce , Air Pollutants, Occupational/adverse effects , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Respiration Disorders/etiology , Respiration Disorders/physiopathology , Respiration Disorders/diagnostic imaging , Respiratory Protective Devices , Spirometry , Brazil/epidemiology , Radiography, Thoracic , Edible Grain/adverse effects , Prospective Studies , Retrospective Studies , Occupational Exposure , Agrochemicals/adverse effects , Dust , Particulate Matter/adverse effects , Fertilizers/adverse effects , Middle Aged , Occupational Diseases/diagnosis , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Occupational Diseases/physiopathology
5.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-903200

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate if perceived occupational factors are associated with insufficient free-time physical activity in Brazilian public school teachers. METHODS The relationship between insufficient physical activity (< 150 minutes/week) and variables related to work was analyzed in 978 elementary and high school teachers calculating the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) in Poisson regression models, adjusted for sociodemographic and health variables. RESULTS The prevalence of insufficient physical activity was 71.9%, and this condition was associated independently with the perception of bad or regular balance between personal and professional life (PR = 1.09; 95%CI 1.01-1.18), perception that standing time affects the work (PR = 1.16; 95%CI 1.01-1.34), low or very low perception of current ability for the physical requirements of work (PR = 1.21; 95%CI 1.08-1.35), and temporary employment contract (PR = 1.13; 95%CI 1.03-1.25). The teaching of physical education was associated with lower prevalence of insufficient physical activity (PR = 0.78; 95%CI 0.64-0.95). CONCLUSIONS The perception of adverse working conditions is associated with increased prevalence of insufficient physical activity in teachers and should be considered for the promotion of physical activity in this population.


RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar se fatores ocupacionais percebidos estão associados à atividade física insuficiente no tempo livre em professores de escolas públicas. MÉTODOS A relação entre atividade física insuficiente (< 150 minutos/semana) e variáveis relacionadas ao trabalho foi analisada em 978 professores do ensino fundamental e médio mediante o cálculo da razão de prevalência (RP) e intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%) em modelos de regressão de Poisson, ajustados por variáveis sociodemográficas e de saúde. RESULTADOS A prevalência de atividade física insuficiente foi de 71,9%, e essa condição associou-se de maneira independente com percepção de equilíbrio entre vida pessoal e profissional ruim ou regular (RP = 1,09; IC95% 1,01-1,18), percepção de que o tempo de permanência em pé afeta o trabalho (RP = 1,16; IC95% 1,01-1,34), percepção de capacidade atual para as exigências físicas do trabalho baixa ou muito baixa (RP = 1,21; IC95% 1,08-1,35) e contrato de trabalho temporário (RP = 1,13; IC95% 1,03-1,25). Ministrar disciplina de educação física associou-se com menor prevalência de atividade física insuficiente (RP = 0,78; IC95% 0,64-0,95). CONCLUSÕES A percepção de condições de trabalho negativas associa-se à maior prevalência de atividade física insuficiente em professores e devem ser consideradas para a promoção de atividade física nessa população.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Exercise/psychology , Workload/statistics & numerical data , Sedentary Behavior , School Teachers/statistics & numerical data , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Reference Values , Socioeconomic Factors , Time Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Age Factors , Sex Distribution , Age Distribution , Chronic Pain/etiology , Chronic Pain/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Occupational Diseases/physiopathology
6.
CoDAS ; 29(2): e20160045, 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-840127

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar o desconforto de trato vocal autorreferido por professores, comparando com a autoavaliação vocal, nos momentos de pré-jornada, pós-período de quatro horas e pós-período de oito horas de aula. Método Participaram do estudo 50 professores, 42 mulheres e oito homens. O valor de corte da Escala de Sintomas Vocais – ESV dividiu os professores em Grupo Risco Vocal – GRV e Grupo Vocalmente Saudável – GVS e a Lista de Sinais e Sintomas Vocais – LSS foi utilizada para identificação da quantidade de sintomas vocais em cada grupo. Posteriormente, os grupos foram avaliados em três momentos (pré-jornada, pós-quatro horas e pós-oito horas) pela Escala de Desconforto do Trato Vocal – EDTV e autoavaliação vocal. Resultados GRV apresentou mais sinais e sintomas vocais da LSS que o GVS (total: GS=0,56 / GRV=1,60, p<0,001; relacionados ao trabalho GVS=0,79 / GRV=2,49, p<0,001). O GVS não relatou mudança no desconforto, tanto para frequência (p=1,132) quanto para intensidade (p=0,431) e apresentou melhor autoavaliação vocal (pré = 0,67; pós-quatro horas = 0,96; pós-oito horas = 0,96; p=0,007). Já o GRV apresentou mais desconforto no trato vocal após quatro e oito horas, tanto para frequência (pré = 1,60; pós-quatro horas = 2,49; pós-oito horas 2,95; p<0,001) quanto para intensidade (pré = 1,79; pós-quatro horas = 2,52; pós-oito horas = 3,12; p<0,001), com pior autoavaliação vocal (pré = 2,00; pós-quatro horas = 2,42; pós-oito horas = 3,00; p<0,001). Conclusão Professores com risco vocal têm pior autoavaliação de voz e maior desconforto do trato vocal, que aumenta durante o dia de atividade letiva.


ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the vocal tract discomfort (VTD) reported by teachers, comparing their vocal self-assessment at three different times: before teaching, after four hours of teaching, and after eight hours of teaching. Methods The study sample was composed of 50 teachers: 42 women and eight men. The participating teachers were divided into two groups according to the cutoff value of the Voice Symptom Scale (VoiSS): Vocal Risk Group (VRG) and Vocally Healthy Group (VHG). The List of Vocal Signs and Symptoms (LVSS) was used to identify the number of vocal symptoms in each group. The groups were evaluated at three specific moments (before (BT) and after four (4HT) and eight (8HT) hours of teaching) by means of the Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale (VTD scale) and vocal self-assessment. Results The VRG presented more vocal signs and symptoms of the LVSS than the VHG (total: VHG=0.56/VRG=1.60, p<0.001; work-related VHG=0.79/VRG=2.49, p<0.001). The VHG did not report change in discomfort for both frequency (p=1.132) and severity (p=0.431) and showed better vocal self-assessment (BT=0.67; 4HT=0.96; 8HT=0.96, p=0.007). However, the VRG presented vocal tract discomfort after four and eight hours of teaching for both frequency (BT=1.60; 4HT=2.49; 8HT=2.95, p<0.001) and severity (BT=1.79; 4HT=2.52; 8HT=3.12, p<0.001) and worse voice self-assessment (BT=2.00; 4HT=2.42; 8HT=3.00, p<0.001). Conclusion Teachers at vocal risk present worse vocal self-assessment and increased vocal tract discomfort throughout the teaching working day.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Voice Quality , Voice Disorders/diagnosis , Occupational Diseases/diagnosis , Self-Assessment , Brazil , Voice Disorders/physiopathology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Occupational Health , Sensitivity and Specificity , Occupational Diseases/physiopathology
7.
CoDAS ; 28(5): 575-582, Sept.-Oct. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-828560

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a percepção e o conhecimento dos profissionais de saúde que atuam na rede de Atenção Primária à Saúde do Município de Curitiba - Paraná sobre a notificação compulsória da Perda Auditiva Induzida pelo Ruído (PAIR) no, Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Método Utilizando como método o estudo transversal na cidade de Curitiba, analisando a percepção e o conhecimento dos profissionais de saúde que atuam na rede de Atenção Primária à Saúde do Município de Curitiba sobre a notificação compulsória da PAIR no SINAN. Aplicou-se ainda um questionário semiaberto em profissionais de saúde da atenção básica sobre conhecimento sobre a PAIR e sua notificação. Resultados Dos profissionais da atenção básica, 50% eram médicos com faixa etária de 26 a 30 anos. Dentre os profissionais, 56,2% relataram estarem preparados para identificar problemas de saúde relacionados ao trabalho, porém apenas 43,7% sentem-se aptos a identificar casos de PAIR. Entre as facilidades na notificação, relataram descentralização da assistência à saúde próxima à residência do usuário, encaminhamento para referência em medicina do trabalho e prontuário eletrônico na UBS; como dificuldades, relataram a não formação específica em saúde do trabalhador e falta de capacitação, tempo reduzido para consultas e receio. Conclusão os profissionais de saúde conhecem as características e sentem-se aptos para identificar os casos de PAIR, mas ainda não notificam os casos suspeitos de PAIR e não percebem a Saúde do Trabalhador como um programa institucionalizado fazendo parte do serviço.


ABSTRACT Objective The article aims to analyze the perception and knowledge of health professionals working in primary health care networks in the Municipality of Curitiba – Paraná, regarding the compulsory notification of Induced Hearing Loss Noise (NIHL) in the National Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). Methods We performed a transversal cohort study in Curitiba, analyzing perception and knowledge of health professionals working in the primary health care networks in the Municipality of Curitiba, regarding the compulsory notification of NIHL in SINAN, from 2007 to 2014, featuring the reported cases and exploring the situational analysis of the NIHL notification, through a questionnaire and a structured news conference. Results The primary care professionals’ survey showed that 50% were doctors and the predominant age group was 26-30 years, with 56.2% reported as being able to identify health problems related to work, but only 43.7% feel able to identify cases of NIHL. Conclusion It was found that health professionals know the features and feel able to identify cases of NIHL, but still do not report suspected NIHL cases and do not consider occupational health an institutionalized program that is part of the service.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Health Personnel/classification , Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/diagnosis , Noise, Occupational , Occupational Diseases/diagnosis , Perception , Primary Health Care , Socioeconomic Factors , Urban Population , Brazil , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Disease Notification , Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/physiopathology , Middle Aged , Occupational Diseases/physiopathology
8.
CoDAS ; 27(6): 598-603, nov.-dez. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-770512

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivos: Identificar características de eficiência e valores de corte das dimensões do protocolo Perfil de Participação e Atividades Vocais - PPAV que discriminam disfônicos de indivíduos vocalmente saudáveis; verificar se a nota de corte permanece a mesma para uma amostra de professores. Métodos: Características de eficiência e valores de corte dos dados do PPAV de 171 indivíduos foram analisados por meio da curva ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic curve ): 90 professores (60 disfônicos e 30 vocalmente saudáveis, com médias de idade semelhantes, p=0,418) e 81 indivíduos não professores (48 disfônicos e 33 vocalmente saudáveis, com média de idade semelhantes, p=0,934). Resultados: Os valores de área sob a curva ROC - AUC e os valores de corte do escore total do PAVV que separam indivíduos com e sem disfonia são diferentes para não professores e professores. Indivíduos não professores apresentaram AUC = 0,986 (p<0,001) e 4,5 pontos no escore total do PPAV (sensibilidade=95,8% e especificidade=90,9%); já os professores apresentaram AUC = 0,872 (p<0,001) e nota de corte de 14,6 pontos (sensibilidade=91,7% e especificidade=75,9%). Conclusão: A nota de corte do PPAV é diferente para não professores e professores, sendo maior para os professores, porém, com maior sensibilidade e especificidade para os indivíduos não professores, podendo ser utilizado para triagens de grandes populações de risco para alteração de voz.


ABSTRACT Purpose: To identify the efficiency characteristics and cutoff values of the dimensions of the Voice Activity and Participation Profile (VAPP) protocol, which discriminates the dysphonic and vocally healthy individuals; to verify if the cutoff values remain the same for a sample of teachers. Methods: Efficiency characteristics and cutoff values of VAPP data from 171 subjects were analyzed by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve: 90 teachers (60 dysphonic and 30 vocally healthy individuals, with a similar mean age, p=0.418) and 81 nonteachers (48 dysphonic and 33 vocally healthy individuals, with a similar mean age, p=0.934). Results: The area under the ROC curve (AUC) and the cutoff values of the total score of VAPP for discriminating the individuals with and without dysphonia are different for the nonteachers and teachers. The nonteachers presented AUC=0.986 (p<0.001) and 4.5 points of cutoff of the total score of VAPP (sensitivity=95.8%; specificity=90.9%); the teachers presented AUC=0.872 (p<0.001) and 14.6 points of cutoff of the total score of VAPP (sensitivity=91.7%, specificity=75.9%). Conclusion: The cutoff values of VAPP are different for the nonteachers and teachers, being higher for the teachers but with greater sensitivity and specificity for the nonteachers, and can be used to screen large populations with the risk of voice disorders.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Diagnostic Self Evaluation , Dysphonia/physiopathology , Faculty , Self Report/standards , Voice/physiology , Case-Control Studies , Occupational Diseases/physiopathology , Quality of Life , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results , ROC Curve , Visual Analog Scale
9.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 26(3): 357-366, mayo 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1129131

ABSTRACT

Las enfermedades ocupacionales son aquellas producidas directamente por el ejercicio de la profesión. Estas se encuentran reguladas por la Ley 16.744 y son de cargo de prestadores de servicios denominados habitualmente mutuales. En este artículo se describen los principales aspectos epidemiológicos, fisiopatológicos, clínicos, de criterios diagnósticos y principios terapéuticos, de cuatro enfermedades respiratorias, las más relevantes en el medio nacional: Silicosis, asma, enfermedades por asbesto y enfermedades por hipobaria.


Occupational diseases are those produced directly by work activities. In Chile, occupational diseases are regulated by the law 16.744 and the service providers are called, mutualidades. In this paper is described epidemiology, physiopathology, clinical aspects, diagnostic criteria and therapeutic principles of the four most important occupational respiratory diseases in Chile: Silicosis, occupational asthma, asbestos diseases and altitude sickness.


Subject(s)
Humans , Respiratory Tract Diseases/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Diseases/etiology , Respiratory Tract Diseases/therapy , Occupational Diseases/diagnosis , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Occupational Diseases/therapy , Asbestosis , Respiratory Tract Diseases/physiopathology , Silicosis , Altitude Sickness , Asthma, Occupational , Hypoxia , Occupational Diseases/physiopathology
10.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 29(1): 1-7, 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-777185

ABSTRACT

To evaluate the association between temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and anxiety, quality of sleep, and quality of life in nursing professionals at theHospital de Clínicas de Uberlândiaof theUniversidade Federal de Uberlândia – HCU-UFU (Medical University Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia), four questionnaires were given to nursing professionals. The questionnaires were completed by 160 of these professionals. The Fonseca’s questionnaire was used to evaluate the presence and severity of TMD, the IDATE was used to evaluate anxiety, the SAQ was used to evaluate quality of sleep, and the SF-36 was used to evaluate quality of life. Forty-one nurses (25.6%) reported having no TMD (Fonseca’s questionnaire score ≤ 15), 66 (41.3%) had mild TMD (Fonseca’s questionnaire score 20–40), 39 (24.4%) had moderate TMD (Fonseca’s questionnaire score 45–65), and 14 (8.8%) had severe TMD (Fonseca’s questionnaire score ≥ 70). According to Fonseca’s questionnaire, the presence of TMD was associated with trait anxiety, but the TMD severity was associated with state anxiety classification (mild, moderate, severe). The SAQ score differed significantly from Fonseca classification. The Fonseca’s questionnaire score correlated negatively with the score of each dimension of the SF-36 (r = –0.419 to –0.183). We conclude that TMD is common among nursing professionals; its presence was associated with trait anxiety, and its severity was associated with state anxiety. Hence, the presence of TMD may reduce quality of sleep and quality of life.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Anxiety/complications , Nurses/psychology , Quality of Life/psychology , Sleep Wake Disorders/complications , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/complications , Analysis of Variance , Anxiety/physiopathology , Anxiety/psychology , Occupational Diseases/complications , Occupational Diseases/physiopathology , Occupational Diseases/psychology , Severity of Illness Index , Surveys and Questionnaires , Sleep Wake Disorders/physiopathology , Sleep Wake Disorders/psychology , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/physiopathology , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/psychology
11.
Cad. saúde pública ; 30(10): 2187-2198, 10/2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-727720

ABSTRACT

Estudo transversal com 577 trabalhadores investigou associação entre aptidão física autopercebida e distúrbios musculoesqueléticos em pescoço, ombro ou parte alta das costas, em trabalhadores de 14 indústrias de plástico, em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. A aptidão física autopercebida foi avaliada em escala de 0-5 pontos. Caso de distúrbios musculoesqueléticos: dor nos últimos 12 meses, superior a uma semana ou frequência mensal, restringindo o trabalho, ou provocando assistência médica, ou gravidade 3 ou maior, em escala de 0-5. A regressão logística investigou interação entre aptidão física e demanda física no trabalho para ocorrência de distúrbios musculoesqueléticos. Precária aptidão física resultou em 3,19 vezes a chance de distúrbios musculoesqueléticos, mas apenas entre aqueles submetidos a baixa demanda física no trabalho. Entre expostos a alta demanda física no trabalho, boa aptidão física não foi fator de proteção para distúrbios musculoesqueléticos, ou seja, trabalho físico pesado está associado a alta prevalência de distúrbios musculoesqueléticos, mesmo quando trabalhadores referem boa aptidão física. Apesar da importância da boa aptidão física, programas de atividade física não devem substituir intervenções nas condições de trabalho.


A cross-sectional study investigated the association between self-reported physical fitness and musculoskeletal disorders in the neck, shoulder, or upper back among workers in 14 plastics factories in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil. Physical fitness was assessed on a scale from 0 to 5. Cases were defined as self-reported pain in the previous 12 months, lasting more than a week or having monthly minimum frequency, with restrictions at work or seeking medical care, or where respondents’ severity was greater than 2 (on a scale from 0 to 5). Logistic regression was performed to investigate statistical interaction between physical fitness and physical demands from work in the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders. Precarious physical fitness resulted in 3.19 times greater odds of musculoskeletal disorders among workers exposed to light physical demands on the job. Among workers exposed to heavy physical demands, physical fitness failed to protect against musculoskeletal disorders. Heavy physical work was always associated with high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. Despite the importance of physical fitness, physical exercise programs should not be used to replace improvements in working conditions.


Este estudio transversal con 577 trabajadores investigó la asociación entre aptitud física autopercibida y trastornos musculoesqueléticos en cuello, hombro o parte alta de la espalda, en trabajadores de 14 industrias de plástico, en Salvador, Bahía, Brasil. La aptitud física fue evaluada en una escala de 0 a 5 puntos. Los casos de disturbios musculoesqueléticos: dolor en los últimos 12 meses, duración de más de una semana o incidencia mensual con restricción al trabajo o buscar asistencia médica, o gravedad 3 o mayor, en escala de 0 a 5. La regresión logística investigó la interacción entre aptitud física y demanda física en el trabajo para la aparición de trastornos musculoesqueléticos. La precaria aptitud física evidenció en 3,19 veces la posibilidad de trastornos musculoesqueléticos, pero sólo entre aquellos sometidos a una baja demanda física. Entre los expuestos a una alta demanda física, una buena aptitud física no fue un factor de protección para los trastornos musculoesqueléticos, o sea, el trabajo físico pesado se asocia con una alta prevalencia de trastornos musculoesqueléticos, aún cuando trabajadores refieren una buena aptitud física. Programas de actividad física no deben sustituir intervenciones en las condiciones de trabajo.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Musculoskeletal Diseases/etiology , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Physical Fitness/physiology , Workload , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Low Back Pain , Musculoskeletal Diseases/epidemiology , Musculoskeletal Diseases/physiopathology , Neck Pain , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Occupational Diseases/physiopathology , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Shoulder Pain
12.
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health ; : 169-176, 2014.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-180319

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate occupational symptoms and chemical exposures of nail salon technicians. METHODS: Work-related symptoms of nail salon technicians in Daegu City were surveyed using a researcher-administered questionnaire, and responses were compared to those of non-exposed office workers as controls. Personal exposure level of airborne volatile organic compounds was also monitored using passive samplers. RESULTS: A total of 159 subjects in 120 salons were interviewed. Average work-shift concentrations of 13 chemicals were measured for 50 workers from 30 salons using personal passive samplers. The most frequently reported respiratory or neurologic symptoms by nail shop technicians compared to controls were nose irritation (odds ratio [OR], 54.0; confidence interval [CI], 21.6 to 134.8), followed by headache (OR, 9.3; CI, 4.7 to 18), and throat irritation (OR, 4.3; CI, 2.2 to 8.5). For eyes and skin, 92% of respondents complained eye irritation (OR, 13.1; CI, 5.7 to 30.1). In musculoskeletal symptoms, workers reported pain or discomfort in shoulders (OR, 20.3; CI, 7.7 to 54) and neck (OR, 19.7; CI, 8.9 to 43.6). From personal measurements, the proportion of exceeding the Korean Occupational Exposure Limit was the highest for acetone with 64%, followed by toluene (50%), butyl acetate (46%), and methyl methacrylate (12%). However, the service was being provided without a proper ventilation system in most surveyed shops. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these findings, it is warranted to have appropriate local exhaust ventilation place to ensure adequate health protection of nail shop technicians as well as customers. At the same time, greater policy interests are warranted in nail care business to protect health of both workers and customers.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Air Pollutants, Occupational/chemistry , Eye Diseases/physiopathology , Interviews as Topic , Musculoskeletal Diseases/physiopathology , Occupational Diseases/physiopathology , Occupational Exposure/analysis , Surveys and Questionnaires , Republic of Korea , Respiratory Tract Diseases/physiopathology , Skin Diseases/physiopathology , Ventilation , Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis , Workplace
13.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 18(5): 1353-1360, Mai. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-674740

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a função pulmonar em trabalhadores de indústrias de cerâmica no município de Várzea Grande, Mato Grosso. Estudo transversal realizado com 183 trabalhadores de indústrias de cerâmica desse município. Para identificação dos fatores sociodemográficos, fatores ambientais e do tabagismo foi utilizado um questionário estruturado e para avaliação da função pulmonar foi realizada a espirometria. Foram realizadas análises descritiva, bivariada e regressão múltipla de Poisson. Os trabalhadores em sua maioria são do sexo masculino (94%) predominando indivíduos com idade até 39 anos (74,9%). A prevalência de sintomáticos respiratórios foi de 44,9%, sendo 14,8% portadores de sintomas considerados como graves e 30,1% sintomas não graves. Foram encontradas associações de função pulmonar alterada com as variáveis tempo de exposição e substância inalada. Os trabalhadores com 4 ou mais anos de exposição apresentaram 1,99 vezes mais função pulmonar alterada que os indivíduos com tempo de exposição de até 3 anos ; os indivíduos que inalaram poeira e desmoldante apresentaram 2,97 vezes mais alteração da função pulmonar. Esta, nos trabalhadores avaliados, está relacionada ao maior tempo de exposição e à inalação de poeira e desmoldante.


This article seeks to assess lung function in workers of ceramic industries in the municipality of Várzea Grande - Mato Grosso. A cross-sectional study of 183 workers was conducted in the ceramics town of Várzea Grande (MT). A structured questionnaire was used to identify socio-demographic factors, environmental factors and smoking. and spirometry was performed to evaluatie the pulmonary function. Descriptive analysis and bivariate and multiple Poisson regression were performed. The workers are mostly male (94%) with a predominance of individuals aged 39 years (74.9%). The prevalence of respiratory symptoms was 44.9%, 14.8 patients with symptoms considered serious and 30.1% with non-serious symptoms. Associations were found of abnormal pulmonary function with the variables of exposure time and substance inhaled. Employees with four or more years of exposure had 1.99 times more lung function alterations than individuals with exposure time of up to 3 years; individuals who had inhaled dust and mold release had 2.97 times higher alteration in lung function. The change in lung function in workers assessed is related to longer exposure and inhalation of dust and mold release.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Ceramics/adverse effects , Lung/physiopathology , Occupational Diseases/chemically induced , Occupational Diseases/physiopathology , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Respiratory Function Tests
14.
J. appl. oral sci ; 20(1): 57-63, Jan.-Feb. 2012. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-618154

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the muscular activity during root canal preparation through kinematics, kinetics, and electromyography (EMG). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The operators prepared one canal with RaCe rotary instruments and another with Flexo-files. The kinematics of the major joints was reconstructed using an optoelectronic system and electromyographic responses of the flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis, brachioradialis, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, middle deltoid, and upper trapezius were recorded. The joint torques of the shoulder, elbow and wrist were calculated using inverse dynamics. In the kinematic analysis, angular movements of the wrist and elbow were classified as low risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders. With respect to the shoulder, the classification was medium-risk. RESULTS: There was no significant difference revealed by the kinetic reports. The EMG results showed that for the middle deltoid and upper trapezius the rotary instrumentation elicited higher values. The flexor carpi radialis and extensor carpi radialis, as well as the brachioradialis showed a higher value with the manual method. CONCLUSION: The muscular recruitment for accomplishment of articular movements for root canal preparation with either the rotary or manual techniques is distinct. Nevertheless, the rotary instrument presented less difficulty in the generation of the joint torque in each articulation, thus, presenting a greater uniformity of joint torques.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Endodontics , Muscle, Skeletal/physiology , Root Canal Preparation/instrumentation , Biomechanical Phenomena , Electromyography , Joints/physiology , Kinetics , Musculoskeletal Diseases/physiopathology , Occupational Diseases/physiopathology , Reference Values , Risk Factors , Root Canal Preparation/methods , Time Factors , Torque
15.
J. Soc. Bras. Fonoaudiol ; 23(3): 271-276, jul.-set. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-602040

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Verificar a ocorrência de queixas e sintomas vocais em atores profissionais de teatro e sua relação com aspectos ambientais desta atividade laboral e com o histórico de intervenções especializadas. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 48 atores profissionais realizada a partir de questionário sobre sintomas e queixas vocais e extra-vocais, bem como aspectos ambientais, hábitos e demandas relacionados ao trabalho de ator de teatro. Foi utilizado protocolo padronizado específico previamente estruturado (PROTEA). RESULTADOS: O histórico de treinamento vocal para atuar foi referido por 40 (83,3 por cento) entrevistados. Os recursos mais utilizados foram aquecimento vocal, hidratoterapia e métodos alternativos. Dificuldades para a manutenção da qualidade vocal nas demandas do dia-a-dia foram referidas por 14 (35,0 por cento) sujeitos, sendo que oito (16,7 por cento) as percebem desde o início da carreira. Durante a atuação, 14 (29,2 por cento) referem dificuldades de coordenação entre fala e respiração. Todos os entrevistados consideraram que a saúde vocal é importante para o ator de teatro. A maioria dos atores negou dificuldades quanto à projeção vocal, respiração e/ou articulação das palavras em cena. Entretanto, o palco italiano parece estar mais relacionado que o teatro de arena com dificuldades de coordenação pneumofonatória (p=0,00). CONCLUSÃO: Em que se pese que atores profissionais têm histórico de treinamento e orientação para a utilização da voz profissional, há porção significativa destes com queixas em relação ao uso profissional da voz, especialmente relacionadas a condições físicas presentes no ambiente de trabalho.


PURPOSE: To investigate the occurrence of vocal complaints and symptoms among professional theatre actors, and its relationship with environmental aspects of this professional activity and with the history of specialized intervention. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 48 professional actors who answered a questionnaire regarding vocal and extra-vocal complaints, as well as environmental aspects, habits and demands related to their professional activity in the theatre. A specific previously structured protocol (PROTEA) was used for this purpose. RESULTS: Previous history of acting vocal training was reported by 40 (83.3 percent) subjects. The most used resources were vocal warming, hydrating therapy, and alternative methods. Vocal difficulties in day-to-day demands were reported by 14 (35.0 percent) subjects, and eight (16.7 percent) of them noticed these difficulties since the beginning of their career. During performances, 14 (29.2 percent) reported difficulties coordinating breathing and speaking. All actors interviewed consider vocal health important for theatre acting. Most actors denied difficulties regarding vocal projection, breathing and/or articulation of words in scene. However, the Italian stage seems to be more related to difficulties coordinating breathing and speaking than the arena theater (p=0.00). CONCLUSION: In spite of professional actors who have a history of training and orientation regarding the use of professional voice, a significant portion of them have complaints related to professional voice use, especially associated to the environment conditions at work.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Art , Occupational Diseases/physiopathology , Voice Quality , Voice Disorders/physiopathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Phonetics , Surveys and Questionnaires , Voice Training
16.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 16(2): 689-698, fev. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-582462

ABSTRACT

O objetivo principal deste estudo seccional foi averiguar a presença de comprometimento auditivo retrococlear num grupo de trabalhadores de manutenção de um hospital de grande porte com histórico de exposição a ruído. Foram avaliados 31 trabalhadores de três setores da divisão de engenharia entre 25 e 60 anos e com exposição contínua a ruído entre 2 e 45 anos. O processo avaliativo contou com triagem audiométrica ocupacional e audiometria troncoencefálica (ATE). Foram detectadas anormalidades na ATE em sete pacientes (22,6 por cento), caracterizadas por aumento de latências de ondas III (14,3 por cento) e V (28,6 por cento); prolongamento dos interpicos I-III (71,4 por cento), III-V (28,6 por cento) e I-V (85,7 por cento). Das 35 orelhas com audição normal (três unilateralmente e 32 bilateralmente), quatro (11,4 por cento) apresentaram comprometimento retrococlear. A alta prevalência de comprometimento retrococlear no grupo induz supor que tal distúrbio seja mais frequente que o encontrado e esteja sendo subestimado na investigação diagnóstica desses trabalhadores. A ocorrência desses resultados sem a presença de alterações audiométricas sugere que a ATE seja mais sensível que a audiometria tonal na investigação de perda auditiva provocada por ruído, por isso sua utilização deva ser incentivada.


The main purpose of this cross-seccional study was to investigate the presence of retrocochlear disease in a group of maintenance workers from a general hospital, who presents a history of noise exposure. Thirty one workers of three engineering sections with age range from 25 to 60 years and continuous noise exposure from 2 and 45 years, were examined. The evaluation included an audiometric occupational selection and auditory brainstem responses (ABR). ABR abnormalities were detected in seven patients (22.6 percent) and it was found latency increase of waves III (14.3 percent) and V (28.6 percent), and interpeak prolongation I-III (71.4 percent), III-V (28.6 percent) and I-V (85.7 percent). Among 35 ears with normal audition right, left or both , four (11,4 percent) ears presented retrocochlear disease. The high retrocochlear disease prevalence in workers exposed to noise lead us to suppose that this disturbance is more frequent than usually found; therefore it is underestimated in workers diagnostic evaluation. The presence of this kind of disturbance, even with the absence of audiometric alterations, suggests that ABR is more sensitive than the tonal audiometry for noise induced hearing loss investigation.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem , Noise, Occupational/adverse effects , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Occupational Diseases/physiopathology , Personnel, Hospital , Retrocochlear Diseases/etiology , Retrocochlear Diseases/physiopathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hospitals, General , Occupational Exposure
17.
Acta odontol. latinoam ; 23(3): 222-227, Dec. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-949665

ABSTRACT

Dentistry is considered to be a stressful profession due to different factors caused by work, representing a threat to dentists' health. The objectives of this work were to identify and compare chronic stress in dentists among the different health institutions and the association of stress with risk factors. The study in question is observational, transversal and comparative; 256 dentists were included, distributed among five public health institutions in the city of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, namely: the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), the Ministry of Health (SS), the Integral Development of the Family (DIF), the Social Security Services Institute for the Workers (ISSSTE) and the University of Guadalajara (U. de G.) Data were obtained by means of the census technique. Stress was identified using the Stress Symptoms Inventory and the statistical analysis was performed using the Odds Ratio (O.R.) and the chi-square statistic. From the total population studied, 219 subjects presented high levels of chronic stress and 37, low levels. In the results of comparative analysis, significant differences were found between IMSS and U. de G. and likewise between IMSS and SS. However, in the analysis of association, only U. de G. was found to be associated with the high level of chronic stress.


La odontologia es considerada una profesion estresante, debido a diferentes factores causados por el trabajo, y representa una amenaza para la salud de los dentistas. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: identificar y comparar el estres cronico de dentistas entre las Instituciones de Salud y la asociacion de estres con factores de riesgo. Se trata de un estudio observacional, transversal y comparativo; fueron incluidos 256 odontologos, distribuidos en 5 instituciones de salud publica de la ciudad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico: Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Secretaria de Salud (SS), Desarrollo Integral para la Familia (DIF), Instituto de Seguridad Social y Salud de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE) y Universidad de Guadalajara (U. de G.). Los datos se obtuvieron mediante la tecnica de censo, durante el ano de 2006. La identificacion de estres se realizo con el Inventario de Sintomas de Estres, y el analisis estadistico se llevo a cabo con razon de momios y X2. Del total de la poblacion estudiada, 219 presentaron niveles altos de estres cronico y 37 niveles bajos. En los resultados del analisis comparativo se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el IMSS vs. U. de G. asi como IMSS vs. SS. Sin embargo, en el analisis de asociacion, solo la U. de G. presenta asociacion con el nivel alto de estres cronico.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Professional Practice , Stress, Physiological/physiology , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Public Health Dentistry , Dentists/psychology , Occupational Diseases/psychology , Patient Care Team , Social Class , Social Security , Stress, Psychological/physiopathology , Universities , Sex Factors , Family Health , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Occupational Health , Age Factors , Marital Status , Employment , Family Relations , Mexico , Occupational Diseases/physiopathology
18.
J. bras. pneumol ; 36(2): 210-217, mar.-abr. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-546376

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Determinar a ocorrência de sintomas respiratórios e tabagismo, assim como parâmetros de função pulmonar, em trabalhadores da produção de carvão vegetal em três municípios do sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo do tipo observacional com 67 indivíduos, no qual os dados foram obtidos através de entrevistas e espirometria. RESULTADOS: Do total de 67 trabalhadores, 50 (75,0 por cento) eram homens; média de idade = 46,52 ± 13,25 anos; média de IMC = 25,7 ± 3,85 kg/m²; VEF1 = 3,24 ± 0,82 L (93,2 ± 16,0 por cento do previsto); CVF = 4,02 ± 0,92 L (95,5 ± 14,3 por cento do previsto); e VEF1/CVF = 80,31 ± 9,82. Os sintomas de vias aéreas superiores mais frequentes foram espirros e secreção nasal, em 24 trabalhadores (35,82 por cento), enquanto o das vias aéreas inferiores foi tosse, em 15 (22,38 por cento). Dos 67 trabalhadores, 21 (31,34 por cento) eram tabagistas. Os tabagistas apresentaram mais tosse (OR = 5,00; p = 0,01), obstrução nasal (OR = 3,50; p = 0,03), prurido nasal (OR = 8,80; p = 0,01) e sibilância (OR = 10,0; p = 0,03), assim como menor VEF1 (2,93 ± 0,80 L vs. 3,38 ± 0,80 L; p = 0,04) que os não tabagistas. Rinite ocupacional foi detectada em 14 trabalhadores (20,85 por cento), asma brônquica em 4 (5,97 por cento) e DPOC em 4 (5,97 por cento). CONCLUSÕES: A ocorrência dos sintomas respiratórios e a redução do fluxo aéreo foram maiores nos trabalhadores tabagistas. O controle da pirólise não aumentou a ocorrência de sintomas respiratórios nos trabalhadores de carvoarias.


OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and smoking, as well as pulmonary function parameters among charcoal production workers in three cities in southern Brazil. METHODS: This was an observational study including 67 individuals. Data were obtained by means of interviews and spirometry. RESULTS: Of the 67 workers, 50 (75.0 percent) were male; mean age, 46.52 ± 13.25 years; mean BMI, 25.7 ± 3.85 kg/m²; FEV1, 3.24 ± 0.82 L (93.2 ± 16.0 percent of predicted); FVC, 4.02 ± 0.92 L (95.5 ± 14.3 percent of predicted); and FEV1/FVC, 80.31 ± 9.82. The most common upper airway symptoms were sneezing and nasal secretion-in 24 workers (35.82 percent)-whereas the most common lower airway symptom was cough-in 15 (22.38 percent).Of the 67 workers, 21 (31.34 percent) were smokers. In comparison with the nonsmokers, the smokers more often presented with cough (OR = 5.00; p = 0.01), nasal obstruction (OR = 3.50; p = 0.03), nasal itching (OR = 8.80; p = 0.01) and wheezing (OR = 10.0; p = 0.03), as well as presenting with lower FEV1 values (2.93 ± 0.80 vs. 3.38 ± 0.80 L; p = 0.04). We detected occupational rhinitis in 14 workers (20.85 percent), asthma in 4 (5.97 percent) and COPD in 4 (5.97 percent). CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory symptoms and airflow reduction were more common in the smoking workers. Controlling the progression of the pyrolysis did not increase the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in the charcoal production workers studied.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Charcoal , Lung/physiopathology , Occupational Diseases/physiopathology , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Respiratory Tract Diseases/physiopathology , Smoking/physiopathology , Air Pollutants, Occupational/adverse effects , Brazil/epidemiology , Chi-Square Distribution , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Prevalence , Respiratory Tract Diseases/classification , Respiratory Tract Diseases/epidemiology , Smoke/adverse effects , Smoke/prevention & control , Smoking/epidemiology
19.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 75(5): 753-759, Sept.-Oct. 2009. graf, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-530102

ABSTRACT

Studies carried out by Brainstem Evoked Auditory Potentials (BEAP) in Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) workers show different results in relation to neuronal involvement, not involving bus drivers as study object. AIM: to use BEAP in a prospective case/control clinical study to check whether or not there is neural auditory pathway involvement in bus drivers with NIHL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: we selected 50 bus drivers between 27 and 40 years with mild to moderate NIHL, and 20 individuals between 29 and 40 years with normal hearing and without prior history of noise exposure. BEAP tests were carried out and the traces were analyzed. RESULTS: in the NIHL group, the auditory thresholds in 3, 4 and 6 kHz were significantly higher in the left ear. In the NIHL group, potentials PI, PIII and/or PV were not present in a small number of the individuals; we observed a statistically significant increase in PI, PIII and PV absolute latencies, (LIP) LIP I-III interpeak latencies, bilaterally and LIP I-V in the left ear. CONCLUSION: in the NIHL group, besides sensorial injury, changes in BEAP latencies suggest an early functional injury of the first auditory pathway afferent neuron.


Estudos realizados com os Potenciais Auditivos Evocados de Tronco Encefálico (PEATE) em trabalhadores com Perda Auditiva Induzida pelo Ruído (PAIR) apresentam resultados díspares em relação ao comprometimento neuronal, além de não contemplar motoristas de ônibus como objeto de estudo. OBJETIVO: Avaliar pelo PEATE, em estudo clínico de série caso/controle, prospectivo, se há comprometimento das vias auditivas neurais em motoristas de ônibus com PAIR. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram selecionados 50 motoristas de ônibus entre 27 e 40 anos portadores de PAIR leve a moderada; e 20 sujeitos entre 29 e 40 anos com audibilidade normal e sem antecedentes de exposição a ruído. Os PEATEs foram realizados e os traçados analisados. RESULTADOS: No grupo PAIR, os limiares auditivos em 3, 4 e 6 kHz foram significativamente maiores na orelha esquerda. No grupo PAIR, os potenciais PI, PIII e/ou PV foram ausentes em uma pequena parcela; foi observado prolongamento estatisticamente significante das latências absolutas de PI, PIII e PV, das latências interpicos (LIP) LIP I-III, bilateralmente e da LIP I-V na orelha esquerda. CONCLUSÃO: No grupo PAIR, além da lesão sensorial, as modificações das latências do PEATE sugerem lesão funcional do primeiro neurônio aferente da via auditiva, de forma precoce.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/physiology , Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/physiopathology , Noise, Occupational/adverse effects , Noise, Transportation/adverse effects , Occupational Diseases/physiopathology , Automobile Driving , Case-Control Studies , Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/etiology , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Prospective Studies
20.
Salud pública Méx ; 49(2): 109-117, mar.-abr. 2007. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-453483

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Determinar si la tensión laboral según el modelo de Karasek y la inseguridad en el empleo se asocian significativamente con indicadores cardiovasculares, tales como la tensión arterial (TA) y los síntomas cardiovasculares (SC), considerando factores tradicionales de riesgo cardiovascular (edad, índice de masa corporal, consumo de tabaco y alcohol, entre otros). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: En una muestra de 109 enfermeras de un hospital del sector público de la Ciudad de México durante el mes de julio del 2004, se aplicó el Cuestionario del Contenido de Trabajo (JCQ), otro de Síntomas Cardiovasculares y se utilizó un monitor digital para medir la TA mediante un protocolo de puntos estimados en el puesto de trabajo. RESULTADOS: Existe una relación estadísticamente significativa entre tales variables (beta entre .20 y .24), aun considerando factores tradicionales de riesgo cardiovascular. CONCLUSIONES: La relación entre TA y el modelo de tensión laboral es válida en población mexicana y destaca la asociación de la inseguridad en el empleo con indicadores cardiovasculares, lo que hace trascendente su importancia en el contexto laboral mexicano. Se sugieren futuros estudios y un trabajo de prevención y vigilancia permanente de estos factores en los campos de la salud ocupacional, así como en la salud pública en términos de su rol en la epidemiología cardiovascular.


OBJECTIVE: To determine if job stress, according with Karasek's model, and job insecurity are significantly associated with cardiovascular indicators such as blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular symptoms (CS), considering traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease (age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, among others). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A job content questionnaire (JCQ) and one for cardiovascular symptoms were administered to a sample of 109 nurses from a public hospital in Mexico City during July 2004. A digital monitor was utilized to measure BP at the workplace using a point estimates protocol. RESULTS: A significant association among these variables was found (beta between .20 and .24), even when traditional cardiovascular risk factors were considered. CONCLUSIONS: The relation between job stress and BP is significant in the Mexican population and highlights the association between job insecurity and cardiovascular indicators, indicating its importance in the Mexican work context. Future studies are suggested, as well as the prevention and surveillance of these factors in occupational and public health fields in terms of their role in cardiovascular epidemiology.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Blood Pressure , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Nursing , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Stress, Psychological/complications , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Mexico , Occupational Diseases/diagnosis , Occupational Diseases/physiopathology , Risk Factors
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